Results for 'Fabiana Amaro de Brito'

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  1. Intervenção policial na violência doméstica contra a mulher: o uso da entrevista motivacional.Fabiana Amaro de Brito - 2022 - Revista Fórum de Ciências Criminais 9 (18):59-77.
    Resumo: A violência doméstica contra as mulheres é um mal que atinge todo o mundo e que é prati- cado comumente no interior das residências, pelas pessoas de seu convívio íntimo. Apesar da grande subnotificação, as polícias estaduais recebem alta demanda de denúncias dessa natureza. Diante das dificuldades de atuação policial inerentes a essa violência, uma estratégia de prevenção e intervenção a ser considerada é a entrevista motivacional: uma abordagem colaborativa que visa a mudança de comportamento baseada em estímulos com (...)
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  2. A Entrevista Motivacional na Intervenção Policial no Âmbito da Violência Doméstica Contra a Mulher no Rio de Janeiro.Fabiana Amaro de Brito - 2021 - Dissertation, Instituto Superior de Ciências Policiais e Segurança Interna
    Violence against women is a crime that causes countless victims all over the world. Specially when it occurs within the domestic and familiar environment, usually at home and perpetrated by people who are intimately related to the victims, calling the police might not be an option. Despite that, the Military Police of Rio de Janeiro State answers around five thousand calls every month reporting cases of domestic violence against women. But how can the police improve the prevention of such invisible (...)
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  3. Liberdade, segurança e polícia: uma abordagem filosófica sob a ótica contratualista.Fabiana Amaro de Brito - 2022 - Filosofia E Educação 14 (2):204-215.
    O presente artigo aborda a instituição de órgãos de polícia como representantes do poder e da autoridade do Estado sob a ótica da filosofia, sobretudo no contexto do contrato social, fundamentada em revisão bibliográfica. Ainda que o homem tenha preterido sua liberdade natural em prol de uma liberdade assistida, e sendo a polícia um dos órgãos responsáveis por essa assistência, não há como afirmar que esse trabalho está correspondendo aos anseios da sociedade, sobretudo ao se analisar os índices de violência (...)
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  4.  93
    Desafios éticos ao uso da inteligência artificial no sistema de justiça criminal.Anderson Bichara & Fabiana Amaro de Brito - 2024 - Boletim Ibccrim 383 ( 1676-3661):11-14.
    O presente artigo examina os desafios éticos envolvidos no uso da inteligência artificial (IA) no sistema de justiça criminal. Inicialmente, a IA foi celebrada por suas promessas de aprimorar a elucidação de crimes e a criminologia preditiva, mas casos de aplicação equivocada e reforço de preconceitos levantam questões importantes. Para este artigo, utilizamos uma revisão bibliográfica qualitativa, analisando casos práticos e estudos acadêmicos relevantes para destacar os desafios e as implicações éticas do uso de IA no sistema de justiça criminal. (...)
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  5. Machismo estrutural e suas manifestações cotidianas: um estudo sobre microagressões em espaços públicos e institucionais. (13th edition).Fabiana Brito - 2024 - Contribuiciones a Las Ciencias Sociales 17.
    O machismo estrutural, manifestado por microagressões no cotidiano, é um dos principais fatores que perpetuam a desigualdade de gênero. Essas microagressões, embora aparentemente inofensivas, reforçam estereótipos sexistas e consolidam uma hierarquia de poder entre os gêneros. O estudo, através da metodologia fundamentada em análise bibliográfica comparativa, aponta que, por serem naturalizadas, essas práticas afetam o bem-estar psicológico e social das mulheres e dificultam mudanças estruturais em prol da equidade. A cultura histórica de submissão feminina contribui para a segregação ocupacional e (...)
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  6. Atração fora da lei: a complexidade da hibristofilia e sua relação com o crime.Fabiana Brito - 2024 - Revista Fórum de Ciências Criminais 22:117-130.
    O presente artigo aborda os principais aspectos da hibristofilia com objetivo de ampliar a compreensão do fenômeno na sociedade e ressaltar sua importância para psicologia clínica e forense, criminologia e políticas de saúde mental, sobretudo para mulheres. A pesquisa foi realizada por revisão bibliográfica pautada nos conceitos de serial killer, parafilia e hibristofilia: atração sentimental e sexual por criminosos violentos, que atinge em maior parte as mulheres heterossexuais.
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  7. Del materialismo histórico a la historiografía escéptica (y viceversa).Rodrigo Pinto de Brito - 2024 - In Guadalupe Reinoso & Federico Uanini, Neopirronismo clásico y contemporáneo. Discusiones en torno al legado escéptico. Córdoba, Argentina: Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. pp. 85-107.
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  8. A História Nos Marcos Da Natureza Humana.Adriano de Brito - 2009 - Cadernos de Ética E Filosofia Política 14:7-23.
    Resumo: O texto reconstrói as bases teleológico-morais para a constituição da moderna ciência da história. A chave dessa reconstrução é o escrutínio da idéia kantiana de plano da natureza, idéia que é investigada nas obras de Adam Smith, Hegel e Marx. Para criticar essa idéia, argui-se o pensamento de Fukuyama e defende-se que a ligação entre democracia e economia liberal é melhor explicada pela natural inclinação humana para a simetria do que pela noção de reconhecimento. O argumento é que o (...)
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  9. Sobre a noção de linguagem subjacente ao ceticismo pirrônico sextiano: um estudo do livro I de Esboços Pirrônicos, de Sexto Empírico, acompanhado de tradução e de uma investigação teórico-metodológica.Rodrigo Pinto de Brito - 2024 - Dissertation, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora
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  10. NECROPOLÍTICA: Estratégias de extermínio do corpo negro.Eliseu Amaro de Melo Pessanha & Wanderson Flor do Nascimento - 2018 - Odeere 3 (6):149-176.
    Este artigo tem a pretensão de analisar a construção de alguns processos conceituais que levaram a justificativa da legitimação da dominação, subjugação e eliminação do corpo de seres humanos de pele escura, especificamente procedentes do continente africano e as respectivas terras para onde foram levados a força para serem escravizados. Ao receber a alcunha de negro pelo colonizador europeu, o africano começa a ser inserido em um estágio de construção de não-ser, não-humanidade e não-racionalidade. Classificado dessa forma o seu corpo (...)
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  11. Hume E o empirismo na moral.Adriano Naves de Brito - 2001 - Philósophos - Revista de Filosofia 6 (1/2).
    O que pretendo defender neste texto é que uma posição empirista na moral é compatível com uma pretensão de validade intersubjetiva de juízos morais. Essa pretensão deve, nesse caso, estar calcada na naturalização dos fundamentos da moralidade, mas tem de conviver com limites acerca da justificação de enunciados de valor. Para defender esse ponto, sirvo-me da filosofia moral de Hume, como ele a expôs no seu texto Uma investigação sobre os princípios da moral. No que diz respeito à filosofia de (...)
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  12. Chega de ontologia: da metafísica ao pragmatismo na antropologia.Gabriel Ferreira de Brito - 2020 - Revista de Estudos E Investigações Antropológicas 7 (1):1-15.
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  13. Normativity without dualism: Connecting the dots between natural and social sciences.A. N. de Brito & Adriano Naves de Brito - 2017 - Dissertatio 45 (S5):3-21.
    The normative phenomenon is ubiquitous in human interactions, emerging in a wide range of fields studied by social science and considered as one of the essential traits of human’s way of life. The modern subjectivist tradition of social science has been based on a model in which elements like self, freedom and reason play the most relevant roles in explaining normativity by connecting beliefs to behaviors by means of motives that are non-reducible to preferences, desires or impulses. In this paper (...)
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  14. Naturalism: Contemporary Perspectives.Juliano Santos do Carmo, Flávia Carvalho, Clademir Araldi, Carlos Miraglia, Alberto Semeler, Adriano Naves de Brito, Sofia Stein, Marco Azevedo & Nythamar de Oliveira - 2013 - NEPFIL online | Dissertatio's Series of Philosophy.
    The basic assumption present in these articles is that naturalism is highly compatible with a wide range of relevant philosophical questions and that, regardless of the classical problems faced by the naturalist, the price paid in endorsing naturalism is lower than that paid by essentialist or supernaturalist theories. Yet, the reader will find a variety of approaches, from naturalism in Moral Philosophy and Epistemology to naturalism in the Philosophy of Language, Philosophy of Mind and of the Aesthetics.
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  15. UM ESTUDO DE QUOD NIHIL SCITUR, DE FRANCISCO SANCHES (1550-1622).Rodrigo Pinto de Brito & André do Nascimento Correa - 2023 - Sképsis: Revista de Filosofia 24 (26):1-20.
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  16. A CAUSALIDADE NA EXPLICAÇÃO SOCIOLÓGICA E A TEORIA DA ESTRUTURAÇÃO DE ANTHONY GIDDENS.André Lucas Maia de Brito - 2019 - Dissertation, Universidade de Brasília
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  17. Concerning Formal Concept Analysis on Complete Residuated Lattices.Abner de Mattos Brito - 2019 - Dissertation, University of Campinas, Brazil
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  18. O Problema Do Naturalismo Na Sociologia e as Suas Reformulações Ontológicas Recentes: Uma Discussão a Partir da Questão da Causalidade Em Anthony Giddens e No Realismo Crítico.André Lucas Maia de Brito - 2023 - Dissertation, Universidade de Brasília
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  19.  97
    PRINCÍPIOS FISIOLÓGICOS REPRODUTIVOS DA FÊMEA EQUINA, APLICADOS A ABORDAGEM DA TÉCNICA DE INSEMINAÇÃO ARTIFICIAL.M. V. G. C. Brito & R. P. Novaes - 2022 - Dissertation, Unibra - Centro Universitário Brasileiro
    RESUMO O trabalho aqui desenvolvido visa analisar por meio de uma revisão de textos os princípios fisiológicos reprodutivos da fêmea equina, aplicados à abordagem da técnica de Inseminação Artificial, como descreve o tema. De maneira, a fazer uma descrição sequencial de toda trajetória da fêmea que será usada para reprodução por meio de Inseminação Artificial, descrevendo os processos que serão utilizados de maneira cuidadosa. Desta forma, o que se pretende é traçar uma linha do tempo detalhando procedimentos e as formas (...)
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  20. Construção Social de Tipos Humanos.Valdenor M. Brito Jr - 2023 - Pólemos 11 (24):157–188.
    The present paper is concerned with the contemporary literature about social construction of human kinds made by analytic philosophers. In the first section I discuss the difference between social construction of idea and of object (human kinds). In the second section I discuss the difference between causal and constitutive modalities for the construction of human kinds. In the third section I examine other taxonomies. In the fourth section I analyze a specific scientific theory using the taxonomies before presented. These taxonomies (...)
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  21. O CONCEITO JURÍDICO DE DIREITOS HUMANOS: UM DIÁLOGO COM MIREILLE DELMAS-MARTY.Laura Souza Lima E. Brito - 2015 - Dissertation, University of São Paulo, Brazil
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  22. INFLUÊNCIA DO TEMPO E DA TEMPERATURA DE ARMAZENAMENTO NA CONTAGEM BACTERIANA TOTAL E NO TEOR DE SÓLIDOS DO LEITE CRU REFRIGERADO.Imc Gualberto, Ib Brito & Is Vieira - 2024 - Revista de Ciências da Faculdade Univértix 1 (1):1-15.
    O leite é um dos produtos que mais contribuíram para a economia brasileira e apresenta alto valor nutritivo, composto por 87% de água e 13% de sólidos como gordura, proteína, lactose, sais minerais e vitaminas. Por possuir tantos nutrientes ele se torna um ótimo meio de cultura para microrganismos, o que pode acarretar em prejuízos tanto para a indústria como para o consumidor, sendo assim é de suma importância garantir a sua qualidade. Uma das formas de avaliar a qualidade do (...)
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  23. Imaginação e intelecção no De Anima III 3-5 de Aristóteles.Pedro Vinicius Brito Eroles - 2011 - Dissertation, Puc-São Paulo
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  24. Transporte de Gametas, Fertilização e Segmentação.Emanuel Isaque Cordeiro da Silva - manuscript
    TRANSPORTE DE GAMETAS, FERTILIZAÇÃO E SEGMENTAÇÃO -/- • _____OBJETIVO -/- O entendimento do desenvolvimento embrionário nos estágios iniciais, desde a deposição dos espermatozoides na fêmea, passando pela fertilização deste no ovócito e na formação do zigoto, é de suma importância para diferenciar especialistas em reprodução e manejo reprodutivo no mercado de trabalho e, também, durante a vida acadêmica. Compreender os processos que levam à formação do zigoto na fêmea é essencial para avaliar a capacidade reprodutiva dos animais e, mediante técnicas, (...)
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  25. Strawson & Kant: Ensaios comemorativos dos 50 anos de The Bounds of Sense.Jaimir Conte & Itamar Luis Gelain - 2016 - Pelotas, RS: NEPFIL online.
    Coletânea de textos: 1.Idealismo transcendental, naturalismo e um pouco de história, Adriano Naves de Brito; 2. Ceticismo e a reconstrução de P.F. Strawson da dedução kantiana das categorias, Pedro Stepanenko; 3. Dedução Transcendental e Ceticismo, Marco Antonio Franciotti; 4. Strawson e Kant sobre a dualidade entre intuições e conceitos, Roberto Horácio de Sá Pereira; 5. Princípio de significatividade em Kant e Strawson, Cristina de Moraes Nunes; 6. Strawson e Kant sobre a Liberdade, Albertinho Luiz Gallina e Cecília Rearte Terrosa; (...)
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  26.  60
    Mining EU consultations through AI.Fabiana Di Porto, Paolo Fantozzi, Maurizio Naldi & Nicoletta Rangone - forthcoming - Artificial Intelligence and Law.
    Consultations are key to gather evidence that informs rulemaking. When analysing the feedback received, it is essential for the regulator to appropriately cluster stakeholders’ opinions, as misclustering may alter the representativeness of the positions, making some of them appear majoritarian when they might not be. The European Commission (EC)’s approach to clustering opinions in consultations lacks a standardized methodology, leading to reduced procedural transparency, while making use of computational tools only sporadically. This paper explores how natural language processing (NLP) technologies (...)
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  27. The phenomenology of Deep Brain Stimulation-induced changes in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder patients: An enactive affordance-based model.Sanneke de Haan, Erik Rietveld, Martin Stokhof & Damiaan Denys - 2013 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 7:1-14.
    People suffering from Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) do things they do not want to do, and/or they think things they do not want to think. In about 10 percent of OCD patients, none of the available treatment options is effective. A small group of these patients is currently being treated with deep brain stimulation (DBS). Deep brain stimulation involves the implantation of electrodes in the brain. These electrodes give a continuous electrical pulse to the brain area in which they are implanted. (...)
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  28. Normative Judgments and Individual Essence.Julian De Freitas, Kevin P. Tobia, George E. Newman & Joshua Knobe - 2017 - Cognitive Science 41 (S3):382-402.
    A growing body of research has examined how people judge the persistence of identity over time—that is, how they decide that a particular individual is the same entity from one time to the next. While a great deal of progress has been made in understanding the types of features that people typically consider when making such judgments, to date, existing work has not explored how these judgments may be shaped by normative considerations. The present studies demonstrate that normative beliefs do (...)
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  29. On the Impact of Fallacy-based Schemata and Framing Techniques in Persuasive Technologies.Antonio Lieto & Vernero Fabiana - 2020 - Cognititar Workshop @ECAI 2020.
    Persuasive technologies can adopt several strategies to change the attitudes and behaviors of their users. In this work we present some empirical results stemming from the hypothesis - firstly formulated in [3] - that there is a strong connection between some well known cognitive biases reducible to fallacious argumentative schemata and some of the most common persuasion strategies adopted within digital technologies. In particular, we will report how both framing and fallacious-reducible mechanisms are nowadays used to design web and mobile (...)
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  30. Effects of Deep Brain Stimulation on the lived experience of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder patients.Sanneke de Haan, Erik Rietveld, Martin Stokhof & Damiaan Denys - 2015 - PLoS ONE 10 (8):1-29.
    Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) is a relatively new, experimental treatment for patients suffering from treatment-refractory Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD). The effects of treatment are typically assessed with psychopathological scales that measure the amount of symptoms. However, clinical experience indicates that the effects of DBS are not limited to symptoms only: patients for instance report changes in perception, feeling stronger and more confident, and doing things unreflectively. Our aim is to get a better overview of the whole variety of changes that (...)
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  31. Religious disagreement: An empirical study among academic philosophers.Helen De Cruz - 2017 - Episteme 14 (1).
    Religious disagreement is an emerging topic of interest in social epistemology. Little is known about how philosophers react to religious disagreements in a professional context, or how they think one should respond to disagreement. This paper presents results of an empirical study on religious disagreement among philosophers. Results indicate that personal religious beliefs, philosophical training, and recent changes in religious outlook have a significant impact on philosophers' assessments of religious disagreement. They regard peer disagreement about religion as common, and most (...)
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  32. Unveiling the link between logical fallacies and web persuasion.Antonio Lieto & Fabiana Vernero - 2013 - In Antonio Lieto & Fabiana Vernero, ACM Proceedings of the 5th Web Science Conference, Paris. ACM.
    In the last decade Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) has started to focus attention on forms of persuasive interaction where computer technologies have the goal of changing users behavior and attitudes according to a predefined direction. In this work, we hypothesize a strong connection between logical fallacies (forms of reasoning which are logically invalid but cognitively effective) and some common persuasion strategies adopted within web technologies. With the aim of empirically evaluating our hypothesis, we carried out a pilot study on a sample (...)
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  33. COVID-19 : informação e cuidado para superar a crise.Fabiana Brandão - 2020 - Brasília: Universidade de Brasília.
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  34. A cidade nas práticas artísticas.Nuno Fonseca, Humberto Brito, João Oliveira Duarte, Susana Ventura & Susana Viegas (eds.) - 2023 - Lisbon: Ifilnova - Nova Fcsh.
    A cidade nas práticas artísticas [The city in artistic practices] is the result of the work developed, of the presentations and the debates held within the cycle of seminars “The experience of the city between art and philosophy”, held between 3 March 2020 and 16 June 2021 (calendar dramatically compromised by the challenges of the COVID 19 pandemic), one of the main activities of the OBRA project — Fragmentation and Reconfiguration: experiencing the city between art and philosophy, based at IFILNOVA (...)
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  35. The Epistemic Value of Speculative Fiction.Johan De Smedt & Helen De Cruz - 2015 - Midwest Studies in Philosophy 39 (1):58-77.
    Speculative fiction, such as science fiction and fantasy, has a unique epistemic value. We examine similarities and differences between speculative fiction and philosophical thought experiments in terms of how they are cognitively processed. They are similar in their reliance on mental prospection, but dissimilar in that fiction is better able to draw in readers (transportation) and elicit emotional responses. By its use of longer, emotionally poignant narratives and seemingly irrelevant details, speculative fiction allows for a better appraisal of the consequences (...)
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  36. Influencing the Others’ Minds: an Experimental Evaluation of the Use and Efficacy of Fallacious-reducible Arguments in Web and Mobile Technologies.Antonio Lieto & Fabiana Vernero - 2014 - PsychNology Journa 12 (3):87-105.
    The research in Human Computer Interaction (HCI) has nowadays extended its attention to the study of persuasive technologies. Following this line of research, in this paper we focus on websites and mobile applications in the e-commerce domain. In particular, we take them as an evident example of persuasive technologies. Starting from the hypothesis that there is a strong connection between logical fallacies, i.e., forms of reasoning which are logically invalid but psychologically persuasive, and some common persuasion strategies adopted within these (...)
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  37.  92
    Cosmological Argument and Ontological Dependence.Valdenor M. Brito Jr - 2023 - In Fábio Bertato, Nicola Claudio Salvatore & Marcin Trepczyński, Coleção CLE - Vol 94 - Themes in Philosophy of Religion. pp. 170-192.
    The interest for versions of cosmological argument formulated in non-causal terms had increased in the last years. In this paper I shall argue that the cosmological argument of contingency is better understood in noncausal terms and I shall explore how the ontological dependence of the universe on God presupposed by this cosmological argument can be understood in terms of the identityessential account for ontological dependence championed by Kit Fine. First, I discuss the reasons for considering that the cosmological argument of (...)
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  38. Anatomías inefables.Noemi de Haro García & María G. Navarro - 2013 - In Noemi de Haro García & María G. Navarro, Anclajes. Gas Natural Fenosa. pp. 22-27.
    Ante estas obras de Victoria Diehl es fácil pensar en conocidos modelos anatómicos en cera o en la iconografía de Venus y Evas de las que un vistazo rápido a cualquier libro de historia del arte nos mostraría múltiples variantes. Algo de todo ello hay aquí. Pero también hay algo que hace que los espectadores se detengan a pensar. Algo más allá de lo reconocible que hace que las lenguas del pasado se muevan a un ritmo actual. Hermes, al trasladar (...)
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  39. Grand Challenges and Small Steps. Introduction to the Special Issue 'Interdisciplinary Integration: The Real Grand Challenge for the Life Sciences?'.Giovanni De Grandis & Sophia Efstathiou - 2016 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences 56:39-47.
    This collection addresses two different audiences: 1) historians and philosophers of the life sciences reflecting on collaborations across disciplines, especially as regards defining and addressing Grand Challenges; 2) researchers and other stakeholders involved in cross-disciplinary collaborations aimed at tackling Grand Challenges in the life and medical sciences. The essays collected here offer ideas and resources both for the study and for the practice of goal-driven cross-disciplinary research in the life and medical sciences. We organise this introduction in three sections. The (...)
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  40. Mapping Value Sensitive Design onto AI for Social Good Principles.Steven Umbrello & Ibo van de Poel - 2021 - AI and Ethics 1 (3):283–296.
    Value Sensitive Design (VSD) is an established method for integrating values into technical design. It has been applied to different technologies and, more recently, to artificial intelligence (AI). We argue that AI poses a number of challenges specific to VSD that require a somewhat modified VSD approach. Machine learning (ML), in particular, poses two challenges. First, humans may not understand how an AI system learns certain things. This requires paying attention to values such as transparency, explicability, and accountability. Second, ML (...)
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  41. The Relevance of Hume's Natural History of Religion for Cognitive Science of Religion.Helen De Cruz - 2015 - Res Philosophica 92 (3):653-674.
    Hume was a cognitive scientist of religion avant la lettre. His Natural History of Religion (1757 [2007]) locates the origins of religion in human nature. This paper explores similarities between some of his ideas and the cognitive science of religion, the multidisciplinary study of the psychological origins of religious beliefs. It also considers Hume’s distinction between two questions about religion: its foundation in reason (the domain of natural theology and philosophy of religion) and its origin in human nature (the domain (...)
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  42. Seeing Color, Seeing Emotion, Seeing Moral Value.Benjamin De Mesel - 2016 - Journal of Value Inquiry 50 (3):539-555.
    Defenders of moral perception have famously argued that seeing value is relevantly similar to seeing color. Some critics think, however, that the analogy between color-seeing and value-seeing breaks down in several crucial respects. Defenders of moral perception, these critics say, have not succeeded in providing examples of non-moral perception that are relevantly analogous to cases of moral perception. Therefore, it can be doubted whether there is such a thing as moral perception at all. I argue that, although the analogy between (...)
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  43. Forms and Roles of Diagrams in Knot Theory.Silvia De Toffoli & Valeria Giardino - 2014 - Erkenntnis 79 (4):829-842.
    The aim of this article is to explain why knot diagrams are an effective notation in topology. Their cognitive features and epistemic roles will be assessed. First, it will be argued that different interpretations of a figure give rise to different diagrams and as a consequence various levels of representation for knots will be identified. Second, it will be shown that knot diagrams are dynamic by pointing at the moves which are commonly applied to them. For this reason, experts must (...)
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  44. Speaking for Oneself: Wittgenstein, Nabokov and Sartre on How (Not) to Be a Philistine.Benjamin De Mesel - 2015 - Philosophy 90 (4):555-580.
    The aim of this article is twofold. First, I want to offer an introduction of and a comparison between three accounts of philistinism. Secondly, I show how the phenomenon of philistinism, a failure to speak for oneself, helps to develop an original perspective on Wittgenstein’s moral thought. It is often claimed that Wittgenstein’s personal ethics were quite unorthodox because he repeatedly seems to have supported destruction, war and slavery. I argue that, in the light of my discussion of philistinism, the (...)
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  45. A Value-Sensitive Design Approach to Intelligent Agents.Steven Umbrello & Angelo Frank De Bellis - 2018 - In Yampolskiy Roman, Artificial Intelligence Safety and Security. CRC Press. pp. 395-410.
    This chapter proposed a novel design methodology called Value-Sensitive Design and its potential application to the field of artificial intelligence research and design. It discusses the imperatives in adopting a design philosophy that embeds values into the design of artificial agents at the early stages of AI development. Because of the high risk stakes in the unmitigated design of artificial agents, this chapter proposes that even though VSD may turn out to be a less-than-optimal design methodology, it currently provides a (...)
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  46. Dispositional Properties in Evo-Devo.Christopher J. Austin & Laura Nuño de la Rosa - 2018 - In Laura Nuño de la Rosa & G. Müller, Evolutionary Developmental Biology. Springer.
    In identifying intrinsic molecular chance and extrinsic adaptive pressures as the only causally relevant factors in the process of evolution, the theoretical perspective of the Modern Synthesis had a major impact on the perceived tenability of an ontology of dispositional properties. However, since the late 1970s, an increasing number of evolutionary biologists have challenged the descriptive and explanatory adequacy of this “chance alone, extrinsic only” understanding of evolutionary change. Because morphological studies of homology, convergence, and teratology have revealed a space (...)
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  47. The Future of War: The Ethical Potential of Leaving War to Lethal Autonomous Weapons.Steven Umbrello, Phil Torres & Angelo F. De Bellis - 2020 - AI and Society 35 (1):273-282.
    Lethal Autonomous Weapons (LAWs) are robotic weapons systems, primarily of value to the military, that could engage in offensive or defensive actions without human intervention. This paper assesses and engages the current arguments for and against the use of LAWs through the lens of achieving more ethical warfare. Specific interest is given particularly to ethical LAWs, which are artificially intelligent weapons systems that make decisions within the bounds of their ethics-based code. To ensure that a wide, but not exhaustive, survey (...)
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  48. Practical Integration: the Art of Balancing Values, Institutions and Knowledge. Lessons from the History of British Public Health and Town Planning.Giovanni De Grandis - 2016 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences 56:92-105.
    The paper uses two historical examples, public health (1840-1880) and town planning (1945-1975) in Britain, to analyse the challenges faced by goal-driven research, an increasingly important trend in science policy, as exemplified by the prominence of calls for addressing Grand Challenges. Two key points are argued. (1) Given that the aim of research addressing social or global problems is to contribute to improving things, this research should include all the steps necessary to bring science and technology to fruition. This need (...)
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  49. The use of software tools and autonomous bots against vandalism: eroding Wikipedia’s moral order?Paul B. de Laat - 2015 - Ethics and Information Technology 17 (3):175-188.
    English - language Wikipedia is constantly being plagued by vandalistic contributions on a massive scale. In order to fight them its volunteer contributors deploy an array of software tools and autonomous bots. After an analysis of their functioning and the ‘ coactivity ’ in use between humans and bots, this research ‘ discloses ’ the moral issues that emerge from the combined patrolling by humans and bots. Administrators provide the stronger tools only to trusted users, thereby creating a new hierarchical (...)
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  50. How Morality Can Be Absent from Moral Arguments.Benjamin De Mesel - 2015 - Argumentation 30 (4):443-463.
    What is a moral argument? A straightforward answer is that a moral argument is an argument dealing with moral issues, such as the permissibility of killing in certain circumstances. I call this the thin sense of ‘moral argument’. Arguments that we find in normative and applied ethics are almost invariably moral in this sense. However, they often fail to be moral in other respects. In this article, I discuss four ways in which morality can be absent from moral arguments in (...)
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